The results of the study of algoflora and microfacies from the Lower Carboniferous deposits developed in the Middle and Southern Urals, as well as on the territory of the western slope of the Northern Urals, Novaya Zemlya and the Tyumen-Kustanai trough are presented. The composition of algal associations in the stratigraphic interval from the Kizelovsky horizon of the Tournaisian stage to the Serpukhovian stage, inclusive, is considered and analyzed. The dependence of the composition of algoflora complexes on the facies features of sedimentation environments has been established.